Depression is a serious medical condition involving your mood, thoughts, and body. It may affect how you feel about things, how you think about things, and how well you eat and sleep. Most people normally experience feelings of sadness, loss, or grief at different times throughout their lives. But depression is generally characterized by more intense feelings, such as hopelessness and worthlessness, and is persistent and recurring in nature.
By making the distinction between “the blues” and clinical
depression, you can take the appropriate actions that may help improve your mood and quality of life. If you have depression, you will need professional medical treatment, since depression is not something that you can “shake off” on your own. On the other hand, if you have “the blues,” there may be a few things you can try to help improve your mood—but only after you are sure your symptoms are not a result of depression.
According to the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV), if five or more of the following symptoms persist for more than two weeks, or if they interfere with work or family life, you may be suffering from one of several different forms of clinical depression.
- Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" mood
- Loss of interest or pleasure in activities, including sex
- Restlessness, irritability, or excessive crying
- Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness, hopelessness, pessimism
- Sleeping too much or too little, early-morning awakening
- Loss of appetite and/or weight loss or overeating and weight gain
- Decreased energy, fatigue, feeling "slowed down"
- Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions
- Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatment, such as headaches, digestive disorders, and chronic pain
- Thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts
Contact your healthcare provider or doctor for a complete evaluation, which will involve a physical checkup, a family health history, and a psychological evaluation.
Not everyone with depression experiences each of these symptoms. The intensity of the symptoms also varies from person to person.
If you are concerned that you may have depression, contact your healthcare provider or doctor regardless of which symptoms you have noticed.
If you have thoughts of death or suicide, seek help immediately.
Depression can be devastating and affect all areas of a person’s life, including personal relationships and the ability to work or go to school. Because of the false belief that you should be able to "get over" depression symptoms, some people with depression may not realize that they have a treatable disorder. Or they may be embarrassed or ashamed to seek treatment. However, receiving treatment for depression will not only improve your quality of life, but it may save your life as well. Untreated or inadequately treated depression may lead to suicide.
- Psychotherapy or counseling
- Prescription medications
- Combination of psychotherapy and medication
A variety of effective treatments are available to help people with depression. The main categories are antidepressant medications and psychotherapies (or counseling). Treatment is based on the form of depression and is individualized for each person. Some forms of depression may be treated with psychotherapy alone. Others require antidepressant drugs or a combination of drugs and counseling. Medications bring symptom relief and help correct any underlying deficiency of brain chemicals. Counseling can help you learn more effective ways to deal with depression and the factors that originally caused or triggered it.
Please Note:
On March 22, 2004, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a Public Health Advisory that cautions physicians, patients, families, and caregivers of patients with depression to closely monitor both adults and children receiving certain antidepressant medications. The FDA is concerned about the possibility of worsening depression and/or the emergence of suicidal thoughts, especially among children and adolescents at the beginning of treatment, or when there’s an increase or decrease in the dose. The medications of concern—mostly SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors)—are: Prozac (fluoxetine), Zoloft (sertraline), Paxil (paroxetine), Luvox (fluvoxamine), Celexa (citalopram), Lexapro (escitalopram), Wellbutrin (bupropion), Effexor (venlafaxine), Serzone (nefazodone), and Remeron (mirtazapine). Of these, only Prozac (fluoxetine) is approved for use in children and adolescents for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Prozac (fluoxetine), Zoloft (sertraline), and Luvox (fluvoxamine) are approved for use in children and adolescents for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. For more information, please visit
http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/antidepressants
- If you need immediate help or if you are having thoughts of death or suicide, call the National Hopeline Network at 1-800-442-HOPE (4673).
- Talk to your healthcare provider or doctor about your symptoms and treatment options.
- Contact a hospital near your home to determine if they have or can recommend a mood/affective disorder clinic. If not, ask for their referrals to doctors in the community who specialize in the treatment of depression.
- If you, or someone you know, has been diagnosed with depression and treatment has not been effective within three months, get a second consultation. Preferably, this should be from a physician who specializes in the treatment of this illness.
After you have checked with your doctor to be sure you do not have a more serious condition, such as depression, you may want to try a few of the following suggestions for managing your “blues:”
- Adjust your expectations. Set realistic goals you can achieve, breaking large tasks into smaller tasks to make them more manageable.
- Be patient with yourself. You may not be able to accomplish everything you usually do. Ask your friends and family for help when needed.
- Postpone important decisions until you are feeling more optimistic.
- Participate in activities that make you feel better, such as spending time with friends, making time for hobbies, traveling, and meditating.
- Increase your social and/or spiritual support.
- Reduce your stress.
- Exercise regularly.
- Eat a healthful diet.
- Consider attending a support group or talking with a counselor to help you come up with other strategies to improve your mood and functioning.
