FRIDAY, May 2 (HealthDay News) -- The "ketogenic" diet, which
features high levels of fat, low levels of carbohydrates and
controlled protein intake, helps control and prevent seizures in
children with drug-resistant epilepsy, a new study finds.
The trial is the first randomized controlled study to confirm
that the ketogenic diet -- widely used since the 1920s -- is
effective against epilepsy, the British researchers said.
Experts believe that the regimen's high fat and restricted
carbohydrate content mimics the biochemical response to starvation,
when compounds called ketone bodies (rather than sugar) provide the
main source of energy for the brain.
Ketone bodies are byproducts produced when fatty acids are
broken down for energy in the liver and kidneys. They are used as
energy sources in the heart and brain. In the brain, ketone bodies
are a crucial source of energy when a person fasts.
This University College London study included 145 children, aged
2 to 16, who suffered seizures at least once a day or more than
seven seizures per week. These patients hadn't responded to
treatment with at least two epileptic drugs, and hadn't previously
been placed on the ketogenic diet.
Baseline information about the children's seizures was first
recorded. Seventy-three of the children started the ketogenic diet
immediately, while the other 72 started it after a three-month
delay. The delay group acted as a control group during the study.
Complete data was obtained from 54 children in the diet group and
49 children in the control group.
The overall number of seizures in the diet group declined by
more than 38 percent, while seizures in the control group increased
by 36.9 percent, the researchers report. The study found that 28 of
the 54 children who completed three months in the diet group had a
greater than 50 percent reduction in seizures, compared to four of
49 children in the control group. Five children in the diet group
had more than 90 percent fewer seizures. None of the children in
the control group experienced that kind of improvement.
The study appears in the current online edition of
The Lancet Neurology and will appear in the June print
issue.
"We have shown that the diet has efficacy and should be included
in the management of children who have drug-resistant epilepsy.
However, the diet is not without possible side effects, which
should be considered alongside the risk-benefit of other treatments
when planning the management of such children," the study authors
wrote.
More information is needed about the long-term effects of the
ketogenic diet, such as changes in blood fat concentrations and
ketosis, Dr. Max Wiznitzer, of Rainbow Babies and Children's
Hospital in Cleveland, wrote in an accompanying comment
article.
"Better identification of epilepsies that benefit from starting
early on the ketogenic diet and comparisons between the choices of
ketogenic diet are needed," he wrote.
More information
The Epilepsy Foundation has more about the
ketogenic diet.
